Tech Terms Made Simple
Technology terms for beginners can sometimes feel like a long list of unfamiliar words, but you don’t need to memorize them all. Knowing a few common terms can help you understand and feel more comfortable using your devices. Use this page as a quick reference whenever you come across a technology term you don’t recognize.
Accessibility
Accessibility features are tools that make devices easier to use for people with different needs or preferences. They can include larger text, screen magnification, voice controls, captions, hearing assistance, and other options. You can usually find these features in your device’s settings and adjust them to make your device more comfortable to use.
Account
An account is a personal record you create to use a website, app, or online service. It usually includes a username or email address and a password. Your account may also store things such as your preferences, purchases, files, or other information connected to that service.
Address Bar
The address bar is the box near the top of a web browser where the address, or URL, of the webpage you are visiting appears. You can also type a website address directly into the address bar to go to that site. Checking the address bar can help you confirm that you are on the website you intended to visit.
Adware
Adware is software that displays advertisements on your device, sometimes more frequently or aggressively than expected. Some adware is merely annoying, while other types may track your activity or arrive bundled with unwanted software.
Airplane Mode
Airplane mode is a setting that temporarily turns off your device’s wireless connections, such as cellular service and usually Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It is commonly used while flying, but it can also be useful when you want to disconnect quickly. Wi-Fi or Bluetooth can often be turned back on separately while airplane mode remains on.
Antivirus
Antivirus software is a security program designed to help detect, block, and remove harmful software from a computer or device. It can provide an extra layer of protection, but it should still be used along with safe online habits and regular software updates.
App
An app is a program designed to help you do something on a phone, tablet, or computer. Apps can be used for things like email, banking, weather, games, photos, shopping, or video calls.
App Permissions
App permissions are settings that control what information or features an app is allowed to use on your device. For example, an app may ask for permission to use your camera, microphone, contacts, photos, or location.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is technology that allows computers to perform tasks that normally require human-like abilities, such as understanding questions, recognizing patterns, creating content, or suggesting solutions. AI tools can be helpful, but their answers should still be reviewed because they can sometimes make mistakes.
AI Assistant
An AI assistant is a digital tool that uses artificial intelligence to help with tasks such as answering questions, explaining information, writing, organizing ideas, or solving everyday problems. Different AI assistants have different features and abilities.
AI Hallucination
An AI hallucination happens when an AI tool gives information that sounds convincing but is incorrect or made up. Important information should always be checked with a reliable source before you rely on it.
AI Bias
AI bias happens when an AI system produces results that unfairly favor or disadvantage certain people, ideas, or groups. Bias can come from the information used to train the AI or from the way a question is asked, so important decisions should not rely on AI alone.
AI-Generated Content
AI-generated content is text, images, audio, video, or other material created with the help of artificial intelligence. Because AI can sometimes make mistakes, important AI-generated information should be reviewed and checked before you use or share it.
Attachment
An attachment is a file that is included with an email, text message, or other online message. Attachments can include photos, documents, videos, and other files. Open attachments only when you recognize the sender and were expecting the file.
Authentication App
An authentication app is an app that creates temporary security codes used to help verify your identity when you sign in to an account. It provides an extra layer of protection in addition to your password.
Autofill
Autofill is a feature that can automatically enter information you use often, such as your name, address, email, or payment information, into online forms. It can save time, but it’s important to check the information before submitting the form.
Auto-Save
Auto-save is a feature that automatically saves your work while you are using an app or program. It can help protect your changes if you accidentally close something, lose your internet connection, or your device shuts down unexpectedly.
Backup
A backup is an extra copy of important files, photos, or other information kept in a separate location in case the original is lost or damaged. Backups can be stored on an external drive or in cloud storage. Keeping regular backups can make it much easier to recover important information if something happens to your device.
Biometric Login
Biometric login uses a physical feature—such as your fingerprint or face—to verify your identity and unlock a device or access an account. It can provide a convenient alternative to typing a password or PIN.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows nearby devices to connect to each other without cables. It is commonly used to connect phones, tablets, and computers to headphones, speakers, hearing devices, keyboards, and other accessories. Bluetooth usually works over a short distance and can be turned on or off in your device’s settings.
Bookmark
A bookmark is a saved link to a webpage you may want to visit again. Most web browsers let you save bookmarks and organize them so favorite or important websites are easy to find later. Bookmarking a page saves its location—it does not save a copy of the webpage itself.
Browser
A browser is the program you use to visit and explore websites on the internet. Common browsers include Google Chrome, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Firefox. You can use a browser to search for information, shop online, read news, or visit your favorite websites.
Browser Permissions
Browser permissions are settings that control what a website is allowed to use while you are visiting it. A website may ask for permission to access things such as your location, camera, microphone, or notifications.
CAPTCHA
A CAPTCHA is a security check used by websites to help determine whether you are a real person rather than an automated program. You might be asked to select certain pictures, type letters or numbers, or check a box that says “I’m not a robot.”
Cache
A cache is temporary storage that helps a device, app, or website load information more quickly. Over time, cached information can sometimes become outdated or take up extra space. Clearing the cache may help solve certain problems, but it can also remove saved temporary information or require a website to load again.
Chatbot
A chatbot is a computer program designed to have a conversation with you through typed or spoken messages. Some chatbots use artificial intelligence to answer questions, explain information, or help with tasks.
Cloud Storage
Cloud storage lets you save files, photos, and other information on the internet instead of only on your device. Services such as iCloud, Google Drive, and OneDrive can help keep your information backed up and allow you to access it from more than one device.
Cookie
A cookie is a small piece of information that a website saves on your device. Cookies can help websites remember things such as your preferences, sign-in information, or items in a shopping cart. Some cookies are necessary for websites to work properly, while others may be used to track activity for advertising or other purposes.
Copy and Paste
Copy and paste lets you duplicate text, pictures, or other information and place it somewhere else without retyping or recreating it. Copy keeps the original in place, while Paste places a copy in the new location. This can be useful when moving information between documents, emails, messages, or websites.
Create an Account
Create an account means to set up a new account with a website, app, or online service. You may be asked to provide information such as your name or email address and create a password so you can sign in again later.
Cut and Paste
Cut and paste lets you move text, pictures, or other information from one place to another. Cut removes the selected item from its original location, while Paste places it in the new location. Use it carefully so you don’t accidentally move something you meant to keep where it was.
Deepfake
A deepfake is an image, video, or audio recording that has been altered or created with artificial intelligence to make it appear that a real person said or did something they did not actually say or do. Deepfakes can be entertaining, but they can also be used to mislead people, so it’s important to verify surprising or suspicious media before believing or sharing it.
Default Settings
Default settings are the choices a device, app, or program uses automatically unless you change them. You can often customize these settings to better match the way you prefer to use your device.
Delete
Delete means to remove a file, photo, message, app, or other item from your device. Some deleted items are moved to the Recycle Bin or Trash first, where they may be recovered before they are permanently removed.
Device
A device is a piece of electronic equipment you use to perform tasks or access information. Smartphones, tablets, laptops, desktop computers, and smartwatches are all examples of devices. Different devices may look and work differently, but many of them can use the same apps, websites, and online services.
Digital Footprint
A digital footprint is the trail of information you leave behind when you use the internet. It can include websites you visit, accounts you create, things you post or share, and information collected by websites and apps.
Download
A download is a file, photo, document, app, or other item that is transferred from the internet to your device. Once downloaded, the item is usually saved on your device so you can open or use it later.
External Drive
An external drive is a storage device that connects to your computer or other device, usually with a cable. It can be used to save extra copies of important files, photos, and documents or to move files from one device to another. External drives should be safely disconnected before unplugging them when your device recommends it.
Face ID
Face ID is a facial recognition feature used on some devices to confirm your identity. It can allow you to unlock your device, sign in to certain apps, or approve purchases without entering a password or passcode.
Factory Reset
A factory reset returns a device to the condition it was in when it was first set up. It usually removes your personal files, apps, accounts, and settings, so important information should be backed up before doing a factory reset.
Fingerprint Recognition
Fingerprint recognition is a security feature that uses your fingerprint to confirm your identity. It can be used to unlock a device, sign in to certain apps, or approve purchases without entering a password or passcode.
File
A file is a saved piece of information on your device or in cloud storage. A file might be a document, photo, video, spreadsheet, or other type of information. Giving files clear names and keeping them in folders can make them easier to find later.
Firewall
A firewall is a security feature that helps control which internet connections are allowed to reach your device or network. It can block some unwanted or suspicious traffic and is often built into computers, routers, and security software.
Folder
A folder is a place used to group and organize files on a computer, tablet, or in cloud storage. You can create folders for things such as photos, finances, travel, or important documents. Clear folder names can make it much easier to find what you need later.
GPS
GPS (Global Positioning System) is technology that helps a device determine its location. Phones and other devices use GPS for things such as maps, driving directions, finding nearby places, and location-based services.
Generative AI
Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that can create new content based on your instructions. It can help produce things such as written text, images, ideas, summaries, or answers to questions.
History
Your browser history is a record of webpages you have recently visited. It can help you return to a website you forgot to bookmark or find a page you viewed earlier. You can usually view or clear your browsing history through your browser’s menu or settings.
Homepage
A homepage is the main or starting page of a website. It often provides an overview of what the website offers and includes menus or links that help you find other pages. Selecting a website’s logo or a Home button will often take you back to its homepage.
Home Screen
The home screen is the main screen you see on a phone or tablet, where you can find and open your apps. It may also display things such as the time, weather, or other useful information. You can often rearrange the icons on your home screen to keep the apps you use most within easy reach.
Icon
An icon is a small picture or symbol on your screen that represents an app, tool, file, or action. Selecting an icon might open an app, take you to a feature, or perform an action such as sharing, deleting, or saving something.
Incognito Mode
Incognito mode is a browser setting that does not save your browsing history on your device after you close the private window. It does not make you completely anonymous online, and websites, internet providers, or organizations may still be able to see your activity.
Link
A link is a word, phrase, button, or image you can select to open another webpage, file, or location online. Links are useful for moving around the internet, but avoid selecting unexpected links in emails or messages unless you trust the sender.
Location Services
Location services are features that allow your device or apps to use your approximate or precise location. They can be helpful for maps, weather, directions, and nearby services. You can usually choose which apps are allowed to use your location and when.
Location Sharing
Location sharing allows you to let another person or an app see where you are. It can be useful for meeting someone, traveling, or letting family know your location. You can usually choose who can see your location and how long it is shared.
Location Tracking
Location tracking is when a device, app, or service keeps a record of where your device has been or where it is currently located. You can usually review or change location permissions in your device’s privacy settings.
Log In
Log in means the same thing as sign in—to enter the information needed to access your account. Some websites and apps use the words Log In, while others use Sign In.
Log Out
Log out means the same thing as sign out—to leave an account, app, or website so it is no longer open under your name. You may see either Log Out or Sign Out, depending on the website or app.
Malware
Malware is harmful software designed to damage a device, steal information, disrupt how it works, or gain access without your permission. Viruses, ransomware, and spyware are common types of malware.
Menu
A menu is a list of choices that helps you find features, commands, or different parts of a website, app, or device. Selecting a menu may open additional options for you to choose from. Menus are often represented by words, three dots, or three horizontal lines.
Notification
A notification is a message or alert that appears on your device to let you know something has happened. Notifications might tell you about a new email, text message, appointment, app update, or security alert. You can usually choose which notifications you want to receive in your device’s settings.
Operating System
An operating system is the main software that controls how your phone, tablet, or computer works. Examples include Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS. It manages basic functions and allows you to open apps, save files, change settings, and use your device.
A PDF is a file format that keeps a document’s layout looking consistent when it is viewed, shared, or printed on different devices. PDFs are commonly used for forms, guides, manuals, and other documents. You can usually open a PDF with a web browser or a PDF reader.
PIN
A PIN (Personal Identification Number) is a short number used to help verify your identity or unlock a device or account. A PIN should be kept private and should not be shared with others.
Passcode
A passcode is a series of numbers, letters, or other characters used to unlock a device or protect information. Unlike a PIN, which is usually numbers only, a passcode may include different types of characters.
Password
A password is a secret word, phrase, or combination of characters used to protect an account or device. Strong passwords should be difficult for someone else to guess, and important accounts should each have a different password. Never share your passwords with someone who unexpectedly asks for them.
Password Manager
A password manager is a tool that securely stores your passwords so you don’t have to remember each one. Many password managers can also create strong passwords and fill them in for you when you sign in to websites or apps.
Phishing
Phishing is a type of scam that uses fake emails, text messages, websites, or other messages to trick you into sharing personal information or clicking a harmful link. The message may look like it came from a company or person you know. If you’re unsure, don’t click—contact the person or company another way.
Pop-Up
A pop-up is a small window or message that suddenly appears on your screen while you are using a website or app. Some pop-ups are helpful, while others may contain advertisements, scams, or misleading warnings. If you don’t recognize or trust a pop-up, avoid clicking inside it and close it when possible.
Print sends a document, photo, webpage, or other item from your device to a printer so you can create a paper copy. Before printing, you can usually choose options such as the printer, number of copies, page range, paper size, and whether you want color or black-and-white.
Private Browsing
Private browsing is another name for a browser mode that does not save your browsing history on your device after you close the private window. Depending on the browser, it may be called Incognito, InPrivate, or Private Browsing.
Privacy Settings
Privacy settings are controls that let you choose what personal information an app, website, or device can collect, use, or share. Reviewing these settings can help you decide who can see your information and what permissions you want to allow.
Prompt
A prompt is the question, instruction, or information you give an AI tool to tell it what you want it to do. Clear prompts with useful details can help the AI provide a more helpful response.
QR Code
A QR code is a square pattern that can be scanned with the camera on many phones and tablets. Scanning one can open a website, display information, or connect you to a service. Because a QR code can lead to an unfamiliar website, check where it is taking you before entering personal or payment information.
Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malware that can lock your device or files and demand payment to restore access. Paying does not guarantee your information will be recovered, so regular backups and safe online habits are important protections.
Recover
Recover means to get back a file, photo, or other information that was lost, deleted, or accidentally removed. Whether something can be recovered depends on where it was stored and whether it has been permanently deleted.
Recycle Bin
The Recycle Bin is a place on a Windows computer where deleted files and folders are temporarily stored. If you delete something by mistake, you may be able to restore it before the Recycle Bin is emptied.
Reboot
Reboot means to restart a computer, phone, or other device. You may be asked to reboot a device after installing an update or when trying to fix a problem.
Redo
Redo restores an action that you just reversed with Undo. It is useful when you undo something and then realize you wanted to keep the original change. Many programs show Redo as a curved arrow pointing in the opposite direction from Undo.
Refresh
To refresh means to reload a webpage or app so it displays the most current information. Refreshing can sometimes fix a page that isn’t loading correctly or show updates that appeared after you first opened it. Look for a circular arrow symbol, which commonly represents refresh.
Register
Register means to create an account with a website, app, or online service. You may see a Register button instead of Create an Account or Sign Up—they usually mean the same thing.
Reset
Reset means to return a device, app, or setting to an earlier or original condition. Some types of reset only change certain settings, while others may erase personal information, so it’s important to read the instructions carefully before choosing Reset.
Restart
Restart is the process of turning a device off and back on automatically. Restarting can help clear temporary problems and allow updates or changes to take effect.
Restore
Restore means to bring back a file, photo, or other item that was deleted or moved. For example, you may be able to restore a deleted file from the Recycle Bin or Trash and return it to its original location.
Save
Save stores the changes you make to a file so you can close it and return to your work later. Many programs save automatically, while others require you to select Save. It’s a good habit to make sure important work has been saved before closing a document or program.
Save As
Save As lets you save a new copy of a file with a different name, location, or file type while keeping the original file unchanged. It is useful when you want to create a new version of a document without replacing the one you already have.
Scam
A scam is a dishonest attempt to trick someone into giving away money, personal information, passwords, or access to an account or device. Scammers may use emails, texts, phone calls, websites, or social media. Be cautious when someone creates urgency, asks for unusual payment, or requests information you would not normally share.
Screenshot
A screenshot is a picture of whatever is currently displayed on your device’s screen. Screenshots can be useful for saving information, remembering something you saw, or showing someone what is happening on your screen when you need help.
Scroll
To scroll means to move up, down, or across a page or screen to see information that is not currently visible. You can scroll using your finger on a touchscreen, the wheel on a mouse, a touchpad, or the scroll bar along the side of a window.
Search Bar
A search bar is a box where you can type words or a question to find information. You may see one in a web browser, on a website, or inside an app. Entering clear, specific words can help you find the information you need more quickly.
Search Engine
A search engine is a tool that helps you find information on the internet. You type words or a question into the search box, and it provides a list of websites and other results that may be helpful. Common search engines include Google, Bing, and DuckDuckGo.
Settings
Settings are the controls that let you change how your device, app, or account works. You can use settings to adjust things such as text size, sound, notifications, privacy, Wi-Fi, and accessibility features. If you’re unsure about a setting, check what it does before changing it.
Sign In
Sign in means to enter your username, email address, or other account information—usually along with a password—to access an account, app, or website. Some services may also ask for a verification code or another form of identification.
Sign Out
Sign out means to leave an account, app, or website so it is no longer open under your name. Signing out is especially important when you use a shared or public device because it helps protect your personal information.
Sign Up
Sign up means to create a new account with a website, app, or online service. You may see Sign Up, Register, or Create an Account—they usually mean the same thing.
Spam
Spam is unwanted email, text messages, or other online messages that are often sent to many people at once. Some spam is simply advertising, while other messages may contain scams or harmful links. Delete or report suspicious spam rather than replying to it or clicking anything inside the message.
Spyware
Spyware is a type of harmful software that secretly collects information about you or your activity on a device. It may track what you do, gather personal information, or send information to someone else without your knowledge.
Software Update
A software update is a newer version of the software that runs your device or an app. Updates may fix problems, improve security, or add new features. Keeping your software updated can help your device work properly and stay better protected.
Smishing
Smishing is a type of phishing scam sent through text messages. The message may try to frighten or pressure you into clicking a link, calling a number, or providing personal or financial information.
Sync
To sync means to keep information updated and matching across your devices or online accounts. For example, when your photos, contacts, or calendar are synced, a change made on one device may also appear on your other connected devices.
Tab
A tab lets you keep more than one webpage open in the same web browser window. Each tab can display a different webpage, and you can switch between them without closing the others. Tabs usually appear across the top of your browser and can be closed individually when you no longer need them.
Touch ID
Touch ID is Apple’s name for its fingerprint recognition feature on certain devices. It can be used to unlock the device, sign in to some apps, or approve purchases by placing your finger on the fingerprint sensor.
Two-Step Verification
Touchscreen
A touchscreen is a screen you control by touching it with your finger instead of using a mouse or keyboard. You can tap to select something, swipe to move through a page, or pinch your fingers together or apart to zoom out or in.
Two-step verification adds an extra layer of security when you sign in to an account. After entering your password, you confirm your identity a second way, such as with a code sent to your phone, an authenticator app, or a prompt on another device.
Trash
Trash is the place on many devices and apps where deleted files, photos, emails, or other items may be temporarily stored. Depending on the device or app, you may be able to restore an item before the Trash is emptied permanently.
Trojan Horse
A Trojan horse, or Trojan, is harmful software that disguises itself as something safe or useful to trick you into installing or opening it. Once activated, it may steal information, damage files, or allow someone to access your device without permission.
USB
USB is a common type of connection used to connect devices and accessories, such as keyboards, printers, phones, and external storage drives. USB connections come in different shapes and sizes, so the plug on one device may look different from another. USB cables can be used to transfer information, charge devices, or both.
URL
A URL is the address used to find a specific page or location on the internet. It usually appears in the address bar at the top of your web browser. Checking a URL carefully can also help you make sure you are visiting the website you intended to reach.
Undo
Undo reverses the last change or action you made. It can be helpful if you accidentally delete text, move something, or make a change you didn’t intend. Many programs have an Undo button or curved arrow, and you can often undo more than one recent action.
Update
An update is a newer version of software, an app, or your device’s operating system. Updates may fix problems, improve security, add features, or help things work better. Your device may install updates automatically or ask for your permission first.
Upload
An upload is a file, photo, document, or other item that is transferred from your device to the internet. For example, you might upload a photo to a website, attach a document to an online form, or save a file to cloud storage.
Username
A username is the name or identifier you use to sign in to an account or service. It may be a name you create, an email address, or another unique identifier. Your username identifies your account, while your password helps protect access to it.
VPN
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a service that creates a more private connection between your device and the internet. A VPN can help protect your internet traffic on some networks, especially public Wi-Fi, but it does not make you completely anonymous or protect you from every online risk.
Verification Code
A verification code is a short series of numbers or letters used to confirm that you are really the person trying to access an account. It may be sent to you by text message, email, or an authentication app and is usually valid for only a short time.
Vishing
Vishing is a type of phishing scam carried out through a phone call or voice message. The caller may pretend to represent a bank, government agency, business, or someone you know and try to pressure you into giving personal or financial information.
Virtual Assistant
A virtual assistant is a digital tool that can help you perform tasks, find information, answer questions, or manage simple activities. Some virtual assistants respond to your voice, while others can also be used by typing.
Virus
A virus is a type of malware that can spread from one file or device to another and cause unwanted problems. It may damage files, slow down a device, or interfere with how programs work.
Voice Assistant
A voice assistant is a feature that lets you use spoken commands to ask questions or control certain functions on a device. Examples include Siri, Google Assistant, and Alexa.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is a wireless connection that allows your phone, tablet, computer, or other device to connect to a nearby network without using a cable. Wi-Fi is often used to connect your device to the internet at home, work, or public places.
Webpage
A webpage is a single page of information on a website. For example, a website may have separate webpages for its home page, contact information, products, articles, or other topics. You move from one webpage to another by selecting links, buttons, or menu items.
Website
A website is a collection of pages and information you can visit on the internet using a web browser. Websites can provide news, shopping, banking, entertainment, education, and many other services. Each website has its own web address, or URL, that helps you find it online.
Worm
A worm is a type of malware that can copy itself and spread from one computer or device to another, often without you doing anything. It can slow down devices, damage files, or spread other harmful software.
ZIP File
A ZIP file is a file that packages one or more files or folders together, often in a smaller size. ZIP files make it easier to store or send several items at once. To use the files inside, you usually need to open or extract, sometimes called “unzip,” the ZIP file first.